2300 Years Ago, Fashionable Hairstyles on Ancient Coins

 

Ancient coins show many interesting features, among the being what hairstyles were current when the coins were struck. Sometimes, these are formal styles deemed appropriate for the upper classes. Such styles demonstrated an adherence to tradition, and a steady approach. Some of the younger women are shown with very fashionable styles. Some examples seem designed to indicate a modest demeanor rather than represent reality. But these are far outweighed by hugely formal or outrageous fashionable concoctions. 

                                         

Denarius of Crispina, 178-182 AD, Rome mint, silver, weight 2.4 gm

Coins that show mythical figures or personifications show a different approach. Here, the styles might be hundreds of years old, or be types allied to a particular deity.

Let's take a look at the different hairstyles across 700 years of history. Starting with three older Greek coins

                                     

Aphrodite, with her hair in a bag. This bag called a saccos, could then be bound with a cord in various ways. The nearest to this you see these days is a big, knitted cap worn by some.

Bronze, Carthage, late 3rd century BC, weight 5.3 gm, Obverse: Head of Tanit left with wreath of grain ears, Reverse: Horse's head right, Punic letter O to the right

                                        

A Maenad with bunches of grapes in her hair, indicating her association with wild drunken frenzies, though she looks pretty calm. Her hair is wild on top, but rolled down the edges, which must be to hold in the fruit. It is more of a mythological symbol. 

Silver, Triobol of Amphipolis from the reign of Philip V of Macedonia, 196-168 BC, weight 1.6 gm, Obverse: Head of Maenad right, wreathed in vine leaves and grapes, Reverse: Stern of galley, travelling left MAKE above.

                                          

Tanith from Carthage, a grain goddess whose hair is rolled around the brow and ear line, and who has some stalks of wheat tucked into it. Quite achievable as a style.

Silver Drachm of Corinth, 350-306 BC, weight 2.1 gm, Obverse: Pegasus flying left, Reverse: Head of Aphrodite left with hair bound in a sakkos.

                                       

Denarius of L.Valerius, Roman Republic 108-107 BC, Rome mint, silver, weight 3.8 gm, Obverse: winged draped bust of Victory right, XVI monogram below chin, Reverse: LVALERI/ FLACCI Mars walking left carrying spear and trophy, Apex before, corn behind.

These styles are on Roman Republican coins. Victory and Diana, the huntress have their hair pulled back and tied in a knot at the back of the head, a ''Psyche knot''. It's a Greek style which was two or three hundred years old when these coins were struck and would have been regarded as ''classical'' even then. The simple version of the knot must have been a very utilitarian style, easy to manage, not likely to get in the way of vigorous activity. These days, women use a similar style too.

                                          

Silver denarius of C. Postumius TA, Roman Republic, 74 BC, weight 4 gm, Obverse: draped bust of Diana right, bow and quiver over shoulder, Reverse: CPOSTVMITA, Hound running right, spear below.

                                         

Silver denarius of Mn Acilius Glabrio, Roman Republic, 49 BC, weight 3.6 gm, Obverse: SALVTIS Laureate head of Salus right wearing cruciform earring and necklace, Reverse: III VIR VALETV MNACILIVS Valetudo standing left holding snake and leaning on a column.

The way the hair is rolled around the sides of the head makes it easy to support decorations like the wreath.

                                             

Sabina, wife of emperor Hadrian has this distinctive hairstyle, with hair flowing down her neck ending in a loose knot.

Silver denarius of Sabina, 128-136 AD, weight 3.1 gm, Obverse: SABINA AVGVSTA HADRIANI AVG P P Diademed and draped bust right, hair in a plait down her neck, Reverse: CONCORDIA AVG Concordia seated left, holding out a patera in her right hand, left arm resting on a statuette of Spes which forms part of her throne. One cornucopia beneath the throne.

                                           

Silver denarius of Faustina Junior, 147-176 AD, weight 3.3 gm, Obverse: FAVSTINA AVGVSTA Draped bust right pearl band in hair, Reverse: IVNONI REGINAE Juno standing left, tall scepter in left hand, patera in righthand feeding a peacock at her feet left.

When Antoninus Pius' wife Faustina died, he issued millions of coins in her honor. They all had this ornate hairstyle, with the hair plaited and brought back up the head, coiled and knotted, and it looks as though there were pearls strung through it. Her daughter, Faustina Junior, wore a simpler style with the hair waved and drawn into a bun at the back, sometimes with a pearl diadem that is seen on the coin. The bun was sometimes plain, sometimes decorated, small or large, but always there. All Faustina coins can be recognized by the hair style.

                                          

Silver denarius of Diva Faustina Senior 139-141 AD, weight 3 gm, Obverse: DIVA FAVSTINA Draped bust right with pearls in hair, Reverse: C-E-RES Ceres, veiled standing left, long torch in left hand, two ears of corn in her right hand.

                                       

Silver denarius of Lucilla 164-169 AD, weight 2.9 gm, Obverse: LVCILLA AVGVSTA Draped bust right, waved hair leading to a plaited bun. Reverse: PVDIC-ITIA Pudicitia seated left, right hand on breast, left hand down by side.

Lucilla was the daughter of Faustina Junior. Like the other young women of this era, her coins had a variety of hair styles.

                                            

Silver denarius of Crispina, 178-182 AD, weight 2.4gm, Obverse: CRISPINA AVGVSTA Draped bust right, Reverse: HIL-A-RITAS Hilarities standing left, holding palm and cornucopia.

Crispina was Commodus' wife. Her style with her hair plaited and woven on the head, then bought into a bun, was also worn by Faustina Junior, later in life.

                                            

Silver denarius of Plautilla, 202-205 AD, weight 3.4 gm, Obverse: PLAVTILLA AVGVSTA Draped bust right, corn rows doubled up at nape, Reverse: CONCORDIA FELIX Caracalla standing right, clasping right hands

Plautilla was the wife of Caracalla, son of Septimius Severus and inheritor of the empire. Her coins showed quite a range of hairstyles.

                                           

Silver denarius of Julia Domna, 194-218 AD, weight 2.7 gm, Obverse: IVLIA AVGVSTA Draped bust right, Reverse: SAECVLI FELICITAS Isis standing right, left foot on prow, the infant Horus held, right hand holding a small wreath, rudder resting against the stern of a vessel behind.

Julia Domna was the Syrian wife of the emperor Septimius Severus. Her early hairstyle was an elongated bun at the back, with two waved wings of hair drawn down on either side of her head. Her older sister Juia Maesa's hair was similar, but much more gently waved than Domna's severe corrugations.

                                             

Silver denarius of Julia Maesa 218- 225 AD, weight 2.6 gm, Obverse: IVLIA MAESA AVG Draped bust right, Reverse: PVDICITIA seated left, left elbow resting on arm of chair and holding scepter, right hand pulling out veil from shoulder.

                                             

Silver denarius of Julia Mamaea, 222-235 AD, weight 2.6 gm, Obverse; IVLIA MA-MAEA AVG Diademed draped bust right, Reverse: FELICI-T-AS PVBLICA Felicitas standing facing head left, legs crossed holding a short caduceus in right hand and leaning left elbow on column.

Julia Mamaea, Maesa's daughter, had the strongly emphasized waves favored by her aunt Domna, but kept the reduced bun and the clips at the nape. 

                                              

Billon, antoninianus of Salonina 253-268 AD, weight 4 gm, Obverse: SALONINA AVG Diademed draped bust right, resting on crescent. Hair weaved in rows with long plait carried up the back of the head and tucked under a stephane, Reverse: SALVS AVG Salus standing right holding a patera in her left hand to feed a snake held in her right arm.

Otacilia Severa, wife of Philip I, and Salonina, wife of Gallienus, both had this style on their coins. The plaiting of the hair is very clear.

                                     

Billon, antoninianus of Severina, 270-275 AD, weight 3.1 gm, Obverse: SEVERINAE AVG Diademed and draped bust right, a crescent behind her shoulders, Reverse: CONCORDIAE MILITVM Concordia Militum standing facing, head left, holding a military standard in each arm.

Severina was married to one of the strongest military emperors, Aurelian. The idea of bringing the hair back of the head was kept, even though it wasn't in a plait. It reached right to her forehead before coiling back. Helena, the first wife of Constantius Chlorus, had a much simpler style that would not look out of place today. 

        

                                         

Billon of Helena, Augusta, 324-380 AD, weight 1.6 gm, Obverse: FL IVL HE-LENAE AVG Diademed bust right, wearing a necklace, Reverse: PAX PV-B-LICA Pax standing left holding branch downwards in right hand, transverse scepter in left hand.

                                       

  

Bronze follis of Fausta, 326 AD, weight 2.5 gm, Obverse: FLAV MAX FAVSTA AVG Mantled bust right, bare headed, waved hair drawn into a bun at the back, Reverse: SALVS REI-PVBLICAE Fausta standing facing, head left holding Constantine II and Constantius II as babies

Fausta, wife of Constantine the Great, looks different. She is wearing the traditional strongly waved hair, lifted off the nape into a larger and more ornate clasp. Theodora, second wife of Constantius Chlorus, had the loop of hair at the nape, but wore a diadem round her head instead of bringing the plait further up. 

                                               

   

Billon of Theodora, Augusta, 337-340 AD, weight 1.7 gm, Obverse: FL MAX THEO-DORAE AVG Draped bust right with braids, circling her head, Reverse: ROMANA Pietas standing facing, head right, holding child in her arms.

Different hair styles remained engraved on coins till about 400 AD. After this, coins of the Roman and Byzantine empires are not very informative about hairstyles.

 

 

                                               

 
 


 

  
 

  

 
 

Earthquake and Coins

 

''While the emperor was tarrying in Antioch a terrible earthquake occurred'' Cassius Dio, Epitome of book LXVIII, referring to Trajan. 

Natural disasters are disturbing events. If they are severe, there are many deaths, and a lot of relief work is required. People elsewhere become fearful that it may happen near them too. Coins were struck, later maybe to send messages to the population. Here are a few possibilities that relate to earthquakes.

                       

Denarius, Trajan, 98-117 AD, standing and being protected by Jupiter

Cassius Dio gives a very graphic description of the terror of the earthquake experienced by the emperor Trajan, the deaths, and the miraculous survivors. Many distinguished Romans had gathered in Antioch to gain access to Trajan while he spent the winter of 114-115 AD there. The quake affected the complete Roman society, but fortunately the emperor survived. He exited the room through a window.

                       

Denarius, Trajan, 98-117 AD, weight 3.1 gm, Obverse: Laureate draped bust right, Reverse: Jupiter standing holding thunderbolt in right hand and scepter in left hand behind, protecting Trajan (who holds a branch under his right arm). 

Dio says ''Some being, of greater than human stature, had come to him and led him forth, so that he could escape with a few injuries'', and this Denarius, struck a year later shows Jupiter with Trajan under his protecting arm. It seems very likely that this was supposed to send the message that Jupiter's protection of the emperor was real and to reassure the population as well.

Some of these coins show the emperor carrying a flower in the attitude of Spes, personification of Hope, a typical reference to the expectation which would be fulfilled during a new reign. These coins might also be making a point that the emperors were supreme under Jupiter, the chief god of the Romans, and the thunderbolt he carries awaits the enemies

                          

Denarius, Hadrian, 117-138 AD, silver, weight 3 gm, Obverse: Bare head right, Reverse: Tellus standing left holding rake in left arm, grasping handle of plough in right hand, two stalks and ears of grain on the right.

The legend on this denarius of Hadrian from 133 AD, TELLVS STABIL, refers to the stability of the earth, so like Trajan's coin, it has been conjectured that it might have some reference to the aftermath of an earthquake. Hadrian was known to have provided disaster relief for at least one earthquake, in Nicomedia, which had been shaken shortly before he arrived there for the winter of 123-124 AD. It was a tribute to the stability of his reign. Tellus, a personification of the earth, is shown holding a rake and a plough, with corn growing alongside, the bountiful earth.

Haryanka Dynasty (544 BC- 413BC) and Coins

The Magadha Janapada was located roughly in the area of the present state of Bihar. Prior to the Mauryas, the accepted chronology of dynasties that ruled were, Haryanka dynasty (545-413 BC), The Shishunaga dynasty (413- 345 BC), and the Nanda dynasty (345-323 BC). 

                       

25-Mashakas, 5th century BC, Haryanka.
             

The Haryanka Dynasty (544 BC- 413 BC) was the first ruling dynasty of Magadha, an empire of ancient India. Initially, the capital was Rajagriha (present-day Rajgir). Later, it shifted to Pataliputra, near the present-day Patna during the reign of Udayin. Bimbisara is considered as the founder of the dynasty. He was contemporary with Gautam Buddha (563 BC - 483 BC) and Mahavira Vardhamana (599 BC - 527 BC). 

During the reign of Bimbisara, the Indian subcontinent was divided into 16 Mahajanapadas.

                        

The approximate extent of the Haryanka dynasty between the 6th and 5th century BCE.

According to Buddhist text, Mahavamsa, Bimbisara was appointed king by his father, Bhattiya, at the age of fifteen. This dynasty was succeeded by the Shishunaga dynasty. Historically, this period coincided with the Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley, during the rule of Darius I, from about 517/516 BC. 

Bimbisara reigned from 544 to 492 BC. The extent of his kingdom is mentioned in Mahavagga. He was given the title of Seniya. Both Jain and Buddhist texts claim the king was a follower of their respective religions.  of Buddha Uttaradhyayana Sutra says he was a follower of Mahavira, whereas Sutta Nipata depicts him and his wife, Khema, as followers.

                       

King Bimbisara visits the Bamboo Garden (Venuvana) in Rajagriha artwork from Sanchi.

  

The list of rulers after Bimbisara include Ajatashatru, (492-460 BC), Udayin (460-444 BC), Anuruddha (444-440 BC), Munda, (440-437 BC), Darshaka (437 BC), Nagadasaka (437-413 BC).   

Magadha's earliest coins were dumpy silver 35-mashaka pieces of roughly 7.6 gm, that featured a single 6-arm symbol punch. They seem to have been soon superseded by 25-mashka pieces of roughly 5.5 gm, on thinner, more spread flans, but the same 6-arm symbol punch in the center, but three additional punches were added around the central punch. This group was issued by the Haryankas. The silver punch-marked Karsapana of Ajatashatru was a royal issue bearing five marks and weighing fifty-four grains, the Vedic weight called Karsha equal to 16 mashas. This period included the time during which the Buddha came to Magadha, where he attained enlightenment in Gaya, and where he preached for most of the remainder of his lifetime. The Magadh king Bhimbisara offered his throne to the Buddha but was turned down.  

                     

25-Mashakas, 5th century BC, Magadha, silver, weight 5.4 gm, central 6-arm punch, surrounded by three other punches, uniface. 

                        

25-Mashakas, 5th century BCE, Magadha, silver, weighing 5.3 grams, featuring a central six-arm symbol punch, encircled by three additional punches, uniface. 

                         

25-Mashakas, 5th century BCE, Magadha, silver, weighing 5.3 grams, featuring a central six-armed punch, encircled by three additional punches, uniface.

                         

25-Mashakas, 5th century BCE, silver, Magadha, weighing 4.7 gm, featuring a central six-armed punch, encircled by three additional punches, uniface.

Haryanka Dynasty.

 

Reconstructing the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World with Coins

The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World is a list of seven notable structures present during Classical Antiquity (between 8th century BC and the 5th Century AD). The first known list of the seven wonders dates back to the 2nd -1st century BC. They include, the Great Pyramid of Giza, the Colossus of Rhodes, the Lighthouse of Alexandria, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Temple of Artemis, the Statue of Zeus at Olympia and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon.

                       

Claudius and the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, 41-54 AD.                      

There are countless avenues in collecting ancient coins. These are as per the collector's interests. A collection can be built around the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. This list was compiled in the 2nd century BC. Six of these seven original wonders no longer exist, which makes a coin collector focused on them even more intriguing. In fact, coins have been instrumental in the pursuit of reconstructing the Seven Wonders. They help us better understand what they looked like and appreciate why they were so meaningful to these ancient cultures.  

                       

Timeline, and the map of the Seven Wonders, Dates in bold green and dark red are of their construction and destruction, respectively.

                      

The Statue of Olympian Zeus, sculpted by Phidias in the 5th century BC, the statue of Zeus was the Ivory and gold talisman of the sanctuary at Olympia about 12.4 m (41 feet) tall made by sculptor Phidias around 435 BC. The statue was a chryselephantine sculpture of ivory plates and gold panels on a wooden framework Olympia was a major religious center, the proverbial ''hub of Hellas'' which hosted the Olympic Games every four years. The statue was lost and destroyed before the end of the 6th century AD.  At the center of this city was a massive Doric temple, which boasted within its walls a wonder of the world. Olympia was a bustling and wealthy center at which two mints struck silver coins bearing the images of Zeus. The original statue of Phidias is no longer extant, its portrait is believed to be preserved on silver staters of 416 BC. 

                         

Reconstruction of Phidias' statue of Zeus, engraving by Philippe Galle in 1572, from a drawing by Maarten van Heemskerck.

                       

Stater of Olympia showing Zeus and an eagle, 276-260 BC. weight 11.9 gm, Obverse: Head of Zeus right, wearing laurel wreath, Reverse: Eagle standing right on rock, FA flanking head, thunderbolt to left to right wreath. 

                       

The Stater shows the head of Phidias's Zeus.

                      

Alexander III, Drachm, silver, weight 4.2 gm, Obverse: Head of Herakles, wearing lion skin, Reverse: Zeus seated left, in left field, monogram above torch, Coin struck immediately after the death of Alexander the Great.

              

The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus. Olympia was to Zeus as Ephesus was to the goddess Artemis. Ephesus, located in western Anatolia, remained an important site for religious pilgrimage for close to 1,000 years during the eras of the Greek and Romans. The ancient sanctuary played host to the kings Croesus and Alexander the Great, as well as to the Roman Emperors. The 4th century BC temple to Artemis was one of the most spectacular buildings in the Hellenistic sphere. The sanctuary's significance to the Greeks and the Romans is frequently reflected on Roman coins. Its image on coins has proven useful for understanding the structure, which today exists only in a few fragments It appears on the reverse of a medallic bronze, minted at Ephesus for Emperor Hadrian (117-138 AD) on which the temple has eight frontal columns and the statue inside. The small, round roof and details is believed to be an image of Medusa.  By AD 401 it had been ruined or destroyed. Only foundation and fragments of the temple remain at the site.

                        

Model of the Temple of Artemis, at Miniaturk Park, Istanbul, Turkey.

                         

The site of the Temple in 2017.
           

                       

Hadrian and the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus.            

                        

Claudius and the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus. Claudius, 41-54 AD, silver, weight 11.0 gm, Obverse: Bare head of Claudius to left, Reverse: Temple on podium of four steps with cult statue of Diana of Ephesus.  

However, on the silver cistophorus minted nearly a century earlier under Emperor Claudius (AD 41-54), the temple is shown with four Ionic columns with scroll capitals. Square shapes that appear are believed to be windows. 

The Colossus of Rhodes. Not far from the Ephesus, just off the southwest coast of Asia Minor, was the island of Rhodes, home to the giant Colossus. Construction of this bronze statue, which depicted the Sun God Helios, perhaps began in 280 BC to commemorate the defeat of the Greek King Antigonus Monophthalmos. It stood at the entrance of the city's harbour as a reminder of victory and freedom from tyranny. The Colossus stood approximately 33 meters (108 feet) high, it collapsed during the earthquake of 226 BC. In 653 AD, the Arab force conquered Rhodes, and the statue was completely destroyed and remains sold. Many coins from Rhodes feature the image of Helios, as he was a patron of God on the Island. However, some scholars believe that silver didrachms attributed around 280 BC represent the head of the statue. 

                         

The Colossus as imagined in a 16th century engraving by Martin Heemskerck,  

                        

Head of Helios resembles the Colossus of Rhodes.

                        

Head of Helios from Rhodes. Carian Island, Rhodes, AD tetradrachm, weight 15.1 gm, Obverse: Head of Helios facing slightly right, hair parted in the center, Reverse: Rose with single bud on tendril to right, E to left bottom.

The Lighthouse of Alexandria was built at the mouth of the River Nile on the Mediterranean, perhaps as early as 280 BC, during the reign of Ptolemy II (280-247 BC). It has been estimated to have been at least 100 meters (330 feet) in height. For many centuries, it was one of the tallest man-made structures in the world. A 16-foot statue, most likely of Ptolemy II or Alexander the Great stood on the top.  As a valuable navigational aid, it stood for more than a millennium, until it was toppled by a series of earthquakes from 956 to1323 AD. Roman coins document the image of the Pharos with great refinement. These coins often use the Pharos to symbolize a powerful navy and a growing empire. It features prominently on a copper coin of 133 AD for Emperor Hadrian. The Pharos is depicted with Isis, patron goddess and keeper of the lighthouse. The coin reveals the design of the tower, with an entrance at the base, small windows on sides, a lantern room on top adorned with three statues. 

                       

Lighthouse of Alexandria by Philip Galle, 1572 AD, Rijksmuseum.

                         

The Pharos appears before the figure of the goddess Isis, who holds a billowed sail. AE Drachm, Hadrian, 133-134 AD, Alexandria mint, Obverse: Laureate head right, slight drapery on left shoulder, Reverse: Isis Pharia sailing right, holding sistrum, the Pharos Lighthouse to right with three figures on its summit.

                         

Bi-metallic medallion of Commodus shows the Pharos within a maritime composition.   

A more elaborate medallion issued by Emperor Commodus (AD 177-192), weight 60. gm, depicts several ships advancing towards the four-tiered lighthouse. 

The Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, a tomb named for the Carian Satrap Maussollius, was a tomb built between 353 and 359 BC in Halicarnassus (present Bodrum, Turkey). The Mausoleum was 45 meters (148 feet) in height, and four sides were adorned with reliefs. It contained 400 freestanding sculptures. It was destroyed by successive earthquakes from 12th to 15th century. The word mausoleum has now come to be used generically for an above-ground tomb. and can be represented by silver coins of the 4th century BC, minted in the name of that famous ruler. 

                         

Model of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, at Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology.

                        

The word mausoleum is derived from the name of the Carian ruler, Maussollus, who issued this silver tetradrachm.

The coin depicts the crowned head of God Apollo on the Obverse and a figure of Zeus on the Reverse, with the inscription bearing the name of the Satrap to his side. 377-353 BC, weight 15.1 gm, Tetradrachm.

The Great Pyramid of Giza are the oldest of the Seven Wonders, and the only ones standing. Built 2600 BC, over a period of about 27 years, it is situated at the northeastern end of the three main pyramids at Giza. It was the tallest in the world from 2600 BC to 1311 AD, standing at 146 meters (481 feet). The earliest coins of Egypt were not minted until about 2,000 years after the construction of the Pyramids. So, a coin minted under the Persians, Greeks or Romans who ruled Egypt could stand in for the pyramids in a collection. One such silver tetradrachm, is depicting Ptolemy, Egypt, one of the first Greeks to rule over Egypt.

                          

The Great Pyramid in March 2005.

                     

The silver tetradrachm was issued for one of the first Greeks who ruled Egypt, Ptolemy I, 305-282 BC, Alexandria mint, Obverse: Diademed head of Ptolemy I right, wearing aegis around neck, Reverse: Eagle standing left on thunderbolt, wings closed, monogram to left.

  

The Hanging Gardens of Babylon are the only one of the Seven Wonders for which the location has not been definitively established.  There are no extant Babylonian texts that mention the gardens, and no definitive archaeological evidence has been found in Babylon. Three theories have been suggested. First, that they were purely mythical, second that they existed in Babylon, but were destroyed in the 1st century AD, and third, that the legend refers to a well-documented garden that the Assyrian King Sennacherib (704-681 BC) built in his capital city of Nineveh, near Mosul.  Some numismatics believe that the Hanging Gardens were located south and southeast of Babylon, at Susa, in the ancient kingdom of Elam. Archaeological evidence suggests that Elam was once a matriarchy, and its kings appeared to have had to descend from a favoured mother in order to inherit her throne. 

                        

The hand coloured engraving, made in the 19th century after the first excavations in the Assyrian capitals, depicts the Hanging Gardens.                

                               

Then there is the matter of the ''pellets'', the strange dash like markings on the reverse of these coins. The new theory suggests that the ''pellets'' are artistic renderings of the plants in the Hanging Gardens. 

Drachm, Phraates, Kingdom of Elymais, 100-150 AD, weight 3.7 gm, Dia 16 mm, Obverse: Long bearded bust of king facing left, wearing tiara decorated with pellets in crescent, diadem and earring, pellets in crescent and anchor behind bust, Reverse: Parallel dashes.